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- $Unique_ID{BRK03469}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Angelman Syndrome}
- $Subject{Angelman Syndrome Happy Puppet Syndrome Puppet Children Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 411:
- Angelman Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Angleman Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Happy Puppet Syndrome
- Puppet Children Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Angelman Syndrome is characterized by severe mental retardation present
- at birth, possibly accompanied by epileptic seizures. Patients appear to
- smile continually and may unexpectedly break into inappropriate laughter.
- Muscular abnormalities contribute to a "puppetlike" walk and jerky arm
- movements or may lead to stretching of muscles beyond normal limits. Unusual
- facial features such as a protruding jaw and tongue may be accompanied by an
- abnormally small head which is flattened in the back.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The major symptoms of Angelman syndrome include severe mental retardation and
- diminished muscle tone and coordination. Sporadic epileptic seizures can
- occur as a combination of infantile spasms and grand mal attacks. Patients
- tend to smile continually and may easily break into prolonged episodes of
- laughter. An unusual "puppetlike" walk with jerky arm movements or
- stretching of muscles beyond normal limits often occurs. Poor balance may
- also affect walking ability. Facial abnormalities can include a protruding
- jaw and tongue. The head may be abnormally small with an unusual flat shape
- or groove in the back. Measurements of electrical activity in the brain
- (EEG) of Angelman patients may show an abnormal pattern. Patients may live a
- normal life span.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Angelman Syndrome is not known. No chromosomal
- abnormalities have been discovered. Cerebellar anomalies can exist. Some
- scientists believe this disorder may be inherited as an autosomal recessive
- trait. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product
- of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the
- father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does
- not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent.
- If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will
- be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Only approximately fifty cases of Angelman Syndrome have been documented in
- the medical literature since the disorder was first identified in 1967. This
- condition affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Angelman Syndrome can be distinguished from other forms of mental retardation
- because of the distinctive facial appearance and expression, unusual walk and
- abnormal electrical brain wave patterns.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Angelman Syndrome may be based on evaluations from several
- specialists such as a neurologist, orthopedist, physical therapist, etc.
- Help may further be provided by nutritionists, social workers, educators,
- ophthalmologists, psychologists or psychiatrists and dentists. Family
- support and counseling may also be beneficial. Genetic counseling may be
- helpful for the families of patients with Angelman Syndrome. Other treatment
- is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Angelman Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Angelman Syndrome Foundation, Inc.
- Elaine Whitman
- University of Florida
- Dept. of Peditric Genetics
- P.O. Box 100296
- Gainesville, FL 32610-0296
-
- Angelman Syndrome Support Group
- c/o Mrs. Sheila Woolven
- 15 Place Crescent
- Waterlooville, NR Portsmouth
- Hants, England
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE ANGELMAN OR "HAPPY PUPPET" SYNDROME. CLINICAL AND
- ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW: I. Bjerre, et al.;
- Acta Paediatr Scand (May 1984, issue 73(3)). Pp. 398-402.
-
- HAPPY-PUPPET SYNDROME: S. Pelc, et al.; Helv Paediatr Acta (August 1976,
- issue 319(2)). Pp. 183-188.
-
- THE ANGELMAN ("HAPPY PUPPET") SYNDROME: C.A. Williams, et al.; Am J
- Genet (April 1982, issue 11(4)). Pp. 453-460.
-
-